Cambridge IELTS 18 Academic Test 4 Reading Answers and Explanations

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All answers on this page include the question number, correct answer and a brief explanation of where to find it in the passage or audio. Use these alongside the original Cambridge IELTS books for the best practice experience.

Cambridge IELTS 18 | Academic Reading

Academic Test 4 answers with clear explanations

These Cambridge IELTS 18 Academic Test 4 Reading answers explain all 40 questions. Review Green roofs, The growth mindset, and Alfred Wegener: science, exploration and the theory of continental drift.

40answers explained
3reading passages
60 minofficial practice time
AcademicAcademic Reading
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Cambridge IELTS 18 Academic Test 4 Reading answer key

Use these cards for quick marking. Read the detailed explanations when an answer needs more review.

1. Green roofs

Questions 1 to 13
1D
2C
3E
4B
5D
6energy
7food
8gardening
9obesity
10CAlso: D
11DAlso: C
12AAlso: D
13DAlso: A

2. The growth mindset

Questions 14 to 26
14B
15C
16D
17C
18B
19A
20E
21B
22D
23YES
24NO
25NOT GIVEN
26YES

3. Alfred Wegener: science, exploration and the theory of continental drift

Questions 27 to 40
27YES
28NOT GIVEN
29NO
30NO
31I
32F
33A
34C
35H
36E
37B
38A
39D
40C

Passage 1: Green roofs

This passage explains how green roofs can support modern cities. It covers water storage, energy use, urban wildlife, food production and the need for location-specific design.

Review strategyMatch ideas, not repeated words. Identify each paragraph's purpose before choosing a letter.
1mention of several challenges to be overcome before a green roof can be installedD

Why: The detail appears in Paragraph D. That paragraph contains the information described in the question.

2reference to a city where green roofs have been promoted for many yearsC

Why: The detail appears in Paragraph C. That paragraph contains the information described in the question.

3a belief that existing green roofs should be used as a model for new onesE

Why: The detail appears in Paragraph E. That paragraph contains the information described in the question.

4examples of how green roofs can work in combination with other green urban initiativesB

Why: The detail appears in Paragraph B. That paragraph contains the information described in the question.

5the need to make a persuasive argument for the financial benefits of green roofsD

Why: The detail appears in Paragraph D. That paragraph contains the information described in the question.

6Green roofs lessen flood risk, reduce money spent on ____ and create wildlife environments.energy

Why: The passage uses "energy." This completes the gap and follows the stated word limit.

7They can also be used for producing ____.food

Why: The passage uses "food." This completes the gap and follows the stated word limit.

8The medical profession recommends ____ to help people cope with mental health issues.gardening

Why: The passage uses "gardening." This completes the gap and follows the stated word limit.

9Green space can prevent physical problems such as ____.obesity

Why: The passage uses "obesity." This completes the gap and follows the stated word limit.

10Choose the correct option for Question 10.C

Why: Option C refers to "greater water-storage capacity." This is one of the two ideas supported by the passage. The paired answer may appear in either box. Accepted alternative: D.

11Choose the correct option for Question 11.D

Why: Option D refers to "ability to cultivate more plant types." This is one of the two ideas supported by the passage. The paired answer may appear in either box. Accepted alternative: C.

12Choose the correct option for Question 12.A

Why: Option A refers to "to provide habitats for a wide range of species." This is one of the two ideas supported by the passage. The paired answer may appear in either box. Accepted alternative: D.

13Choose the correct option for Question 13.D

Why: Option D refers to "to generate power from a sustainable source." This is one of the two ideas supported by the passage. The paired answer may appear in either box. Accepted alternative: A.

Passage 2: The growth mindset

This passage reviews the growth mindset idea in education. It compares popular classroom messages with research on effort, ability, teaching quality and student results.

Review strategySeparate a contradiction from missing information. Use only what the passage or writer states.
14What can we learn from the first paragraph?B

Why: Option B says "when ideas about the nature of intelligence began to shift." This matches the writer's point. The other options do not answer the question correctly.

15The second paragraph describes how schools encourage students toC

Why: Option C says "have confidence in their potential to succeed.." This matches the writer's point. The other options do not answer the question correctly.

16In the third paragraph, the writer suggests that students with a fixed mindsetD

Why: Option D says "are afraid to push themselves beyond what they see as their limitations.." This matches the writer's point. The other options do not answer the question correctly.

17The methodology behind the growth mindset studies was not strict enough.C

Why: The detail matches C, "Andrew Gelman." The wording in the passage expresses the same idea.

18The idea of the growth mindset has been incorrectly interpreted.B

Why: The detail matches B, "Carol Dweck." The wording in the passage expresses the same idea.

19Intellectual ability is an unchangeable feature of each individual.A

Why: The detail matches A, "Alfred Binet." The wording in the passage expresses the same idea.

20The growth mindset should be promoted without students being aware of it.E

Why: The detail matches E, "David Yeager and Gregory Walton." The wording in the passage expresses the same idea.

21The growth mindset is not simply about boosting students’ morale.B

Why: The detail matches B, "Carol Dweck." The wording in the passage expresses the same idea.

22Research shows that the growth mindset has no effect on academic achievement.D

Why: The detail matches D, "Timothy Bates." The wording in the passage expresses the same idea.

23Dweck has handled criticisms of her work in an admirable way.YES

Why: The writer clearly agrees with the idea in this statement. The answer is YES.

24Students’ self-perception is a more effective driver of self-confidence than actual achievement is.NO

Why: The writer presents a view that disagrees with this statement. The answer is NO.

25Recent evidence about growth mindset interventions has attracted unfair coverage in the media.NOT GIVEN

Why: The writer does not express a clear view on this point. The answer is NOT GIVEN.

26Deliberate attempts to encourage students to strive for high achievement may have a negative effect.YES

Why: The writer clearly agrees with the idea in this statement. The answer is YES.

Passage 3: Alfred Wegener: science, exploration and the theory of continental drift

This passage reviews a book about Alfred Wegener and continental drift. It covers his scientific work, polar exploration and the debate surrounding his theory.

Review strategySeparate a contradiction from missing information. Use only what the passage or writer states.
27Wegener’s ideas about continental drift were widely disputed while he was alive.YES

Why: The writer clearly agrees with the idea in this statement. The answer is YES.

28The idea that the continents remained fixed in place was defended in a number of respected scientific publications.NOT GIVEN

Why: The writer does not express a clear view on this point. The answer is NOT GIVEN.

29Wegener relied on a limited range of scientific fields to support his theory of continental drift.NO

Why: The writer presents a view that disagrees with this statement. The answer is NO.

30The similarities between Wegener’s theory of continental drift and modern-day plate tectonics are enormous.NO

Why: The writer presents a view that disagrees with this statement. The answer is NO.

31One remarkable thing about Wegener from a ____ is that he was not a geologist.I

Why: The correct choice is I, which means "biographer’s perspective." This phrase completes the idea and matches the passage.

32His ____ were limited to atmospheric physics.F

Why: The correct choice is F, which means "professional interests." This phrase completes the idea and matches the passage.

33By 1912 he was already a person of ____.A

Why: The correct choice is A, which means "modest fame." This phrase completes the idea and matches the passage.

34Six years previously, there had been his ____ of 52 hours in a hot-air balloon.C

Why: The correct choice is C, which means "record-breaking achievement." This phrase completes the idea and matches the passage.

35This was followed by his well-publicised but ____ of Greenland’s coast.H

Why: The correct choice is H, which means "hazardous exploration." This phrase completes the idea and matches the passage.

36He had come to the attention of a ____ of German scientists.E

Why: The correct choice is E, which means "select group." This phrase completes the idea and matches the passage.

37What is Mott T Greene doing in the fifth paragraph?B

Why: Option B says "explaining why it is desirable to read the whole book." This matches the writer's point. The other options do not answer the question correctly.

38What is said about Wegener in the sixth paragraph?A

Why: Option A says "He was not a particularly ambitious person.." This matches the writer's point. The other options do not answer the question correctly.

39What does Greene say about some other famous scientists?D

Why: Option D says "They are easier subjects to write about than Wegener.." This matches the writer's point. The other options do not answer the question correctly.

40What is Greene’s main point in the final paragraph?C

Why: Option C says "People have little control over many aspects of their lives.." This matches the writer's point. The other options do not answer the question correctly.

How to review your answers

  1. Mark all 40 answers before reading the explanations.
  2. Group mistakes by question type and reading passage.
  3. Find the exact sentence that proves each correct answer.
  4. Retake the test after reviewing your weakest question type.

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