Cambridge IELTS 21 Academic Test 3 Reading Answers and Explanations

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All answers on this page include the question number, correct answer and a brief explanation of where to find it in the passage or audio. Use these alongside the original Cambridge IELTS books for the best practice experience.

Cambridge IELTS 21 | Academic Reading

Test 3 answers with clear explanations

These Cambridge IELTS 21 Test 3 Reading answers explain all 40 questions. Review the evidence for Saving the saiga, Dar es Salaam transport, and Rethinking the Past.

40answers explained
3reading passages
60 minofficial practice time
1 markfor each answer
Complete the test before checking. You will learn more from a timed attempt. Record why each wrong answer looked attractive.
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Cambridge IELTS 21 Test 3 Reading answer key

Use these cards for quick marking. Read the passage sections below when an answer needs more review.

1. Saving the saiga

Questions 1 to 13
1dust
2blood
3coat
4horns
5habitat
6routes
7streams
8FALSE
9FALSE
10TRUE
11NOT GIVEN
12TRUE
13NOT GIVEN

2. The problems of getting around the city of Dar es Salaam

Questions 14 to 26
14NOT GIVEN
15FALSE
16NOT GIVEN
17TRUE
18FALSE
19lanes
20boarding
21wheelchairs
22fuel
23flood
24smartcards
25gates
26queues

3. Rethinking the Past

Questions 27 to 40
27A
28A
29D
30A
31E
32F
33D
34B
35NO
36NOT GIVEN
37NOT GIVEN
38YES
39YES
40NO

Passage 1: Saving the saiga

This passage explains how the saiga survives Central Asia's harsh climate. It covers poaching, habitat loss, disease and climate change. It also reviews conservation work and the recent population recovery.

Question types: Note completion and True, False, Not Given.

Review strategyFor note completion, copy one exact word from the passage. For True, False, Not Given, separate a contradiction from missing information.
1Its large bulbous nose has swollen nostrils that keep ____ out.dust

Why: The passage says the swollen nostrils filter out dust.

2Its nose helps lower the temperature of its ____ in summer.blood

Why: The nose cools the saiga's blood during hot summers.

3It grows a thick ____ in winter, which it loses in spring.coat

Why: The saiga grows a heavy winter coat and sheds it when temperatures rise.

4Poaching occurs especially for the ____ of male saiga.horns

Why: Male saiga are targeted because their horns are prized in traditional medicine.

5Expansion of farms and settlements causes a reduction in the size of the saiga’s ____.habitat

Why: Agricultural expansion and settlements cause habitat loss.

6Physical barriers cause loss of access to the ____ which saiga use for migration.routes

Why: Railways, pipelines and fences can block seasonal migration routes.

7Climate change is causing the disappearance of ____ which the saiga relied on.streams

Why: The passage says smaller streams have dried up and vanished.

8Today, numbers of saiga are distributed evenly across four nations in Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia and Uzbekistan.FALSE

Why: More than 90% live in Kazakhstan. The population is not evenly distributed.

9For most of the 20th century, the population of saiga were falling.FALSE

Why: Numbers recovered steadily throughout most of the 20th century.

10Efforts to protect rhinos in Africa had a significant effect on saiga populations.TRUE

Why: Conservationists promoted saiga horn as an alternative to rhino horn. This increased pressure on male saiga.

11Unpredictable fluctuations in climate are threatening the wildlife of Central Asia more than in other parts of the world.NOT GIVEN

Why: The passage describes climate risks in Central Asia. It gives no comparison with other world regions.

12The Altyn Dala Conservation Initiative was formed for the benefit of a number of different animals.TRUE

Why: The initiative protects whole ecosystems and the many species they support.

13The Altyn Dala Conservation Initiative’s recognition as a World Restoration Flagship project attracted additional international funding for the scheme.NOT GIVEN

Why: The United Nations recognition is stated. Extra international funding is not mentioned.

Passage 2: The problems of getting around the city of Dar es Salaam

This passage examines rapid growth and transport problems in Dar es Salaam. It explains the city's bus rapid transit system, its benefits and its current operating problems.

Question types: True, False, Not Given and Note completion.

Review strategyCheck whether each statement is supported, contradicted or not discussed. For note completion, follow the one-word limit.
14The population of Dar es Salaam is rising more rapidly than was previously predicted.NOT GIVEN

Why: The passage gives present growth figures and future forecasts. It does not compare them with an earlier prediction.

15Most of the residents of Dar es Salaam live in high-rise blocks on the edge of the city.FALSE

Why: Four out of five residents live in single-storey informal settlements, not high-rise blocks.

16Residents have been consulted about their views on the suburban rail line in Dar es Salaam.NOT GIVEN

Why: The suburban rail line is described. No consultation with residents is mentioned.

17The majority of the present residential development in Dar es Salaam is unplanned.TRUE

Why: The passage says nearly all current expansion happens informally without an agreed strategy.

18Dar es Salaam’s authorities have decided to follow the public transport plan adopted by a large number of African cities.FALSE

Why: Unlike many African cities, Dar es Salaam chose a bus system instead of a metro.

19The buses use designated ____ to cut down on delays.lanes

Why: The buses run on separated bus lanes to reduce stoppages.

20Passengers pay fares before ____.boarding

Why: Passengers buy and control tickets at stations before boarding.

21Passengers in ____ can use every part of the system.wheelchairs

Why: The step-free route is accessible to people using wheelchairs.

22The temperature control is sometimes not activated in order to reduce ____ use.fuel

Why: Drivers may leave the air conditioning off to save fuel.

23Insufficient numbers of vehicles are available due to the effects of a severe ____.flood

Why: A serious flood at the main depot caused the bus shortage.

24Passengers are unable to use ____ because some equipment is out of action.smartcards

Why: Passengers cannot use smartcards because the mechanical readers do not work.

25Tickets have to be checked manually at station ____.gates

Why: Staff stand by the gates and tear tickets by hand.

26____ frequently build up during rush hours.queues

Why: Considerable queues form at peak times.

Passage 3: Rethinking the Past

This passage reviews discoveries that change our view of prehistory. It covers early architecture, extinct hominin art and outdated ideas about gender roles.

Question types: Multiple choice and Matching features and Yes, No, Not Given.

Review strategyRead the full paragraph before choosing an option. Match each claim to the exact example, then judge the writer's stated view.
27What is the writer doing in the second paragraph?A

Why: The paragraph identifies 2 major changes. Advanced behaviour began earlier, and gender roles were misunderstood.

28In the sixth paragraph, the writer mentions mobile phones to make the point thatA

Why: The mobile phone example supports gradual development through incremental steps.

29In the seventh paragraph, the phrase ‘unpick this stuff’ refers to the task ofD

Why: Researchers are reexamining work shaped by old patriarchal beliefs.

30What does the writer suggest in the final paragraph?A

Why: The final paragraph says inequality and patriarchy are choices. Past societies show that people can choose differently.

31The findings at Kalambo Falls revealed thatE

Why: The Kalambo Falls structure predates Homo sapiens. It shows sophisticated workmanship by an earlier hominin species.

32Evidence from high-altitude regions suggests thatF

Why: Extinct hominins lived in harsh high-altitude regions long before modern humans arrived.

33An academic publication from June 2023 shows thatD

Why: The June 2023 analysis found that women hunted in 80% of the societies studied.

34Analysis of a 4000-year-old Iberian leader indicates thatB

Why: The Iberian leader was female, not male as researchers had assumed.

35It seems likely that the Neanderthals’ cave paintings were the first examples of artwork ever created.NO

Why: The passage says even earlier species, such as Homo erectus, may have made art.

36It is very rare to find prehistoric artwork carved onto shells.NOT GIVEN

Why: Shell engravings are mentioned. The passage does not say whether such finds are rare.

37The methods which the researchers used to examine the Rising Star cave system were rather unconventional.NOT GIVEN

Why: The unusual publication process is described. The research methods used inside the cave are not discussed.

38It is unclear how old the etchings in the Rising Star cave system are.YES

Why: The passage says the Rising Star etchings have not yet been firmly dated.

39The means used to publicise the findings from the Rising Star cave system added to the controversy that surrounds them.YES

Why: The non-traditional release method heightened the dispute around the findings.

40The size of H. naledi brains is a key factor in the question of whether these hominins were able to produce art.NO

Why: The writer calls brain size a distraction. Internal brain wiring may also enable complex behaviour.

Your Test 3 review plan

Mark all 40 answers. Group your mistakes by question type. Retake this test after reviewing the matching passage evidence.

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